50+B.I



Antarctica is the second smallest continent in the world. Antarctica is an icy, barren and freezing desert. 98 % 0f the vast continent is covered in ice, the rest being rock and other materials. The coldest temperature ever recorded was at the Russian Vostok station in Antarctica on the 21st July, 1983. It was -89.2°C. This is much colder than dry ice having a temperature of -78.2° C. Antarctica has a total area of 14 million square kilometers and it's winters can reach temperatures of -80° C. Antarctica has no population as it does not have the conditions to sustain life, the only people to occupy the icy land are scientists. You must have a special permit to research in Antarctica. If all of antarctica would melt it would raise the worlds sea levels by about 70 meters! BEFORE THE MELTDOWN... AFTER THE MELTDOWN!!!!!!!

__** Antarctic Wildlife **__

Antarctica has 5 main types of wildlife. These are whales, seals (not the guys you find with surfboards on the beach!), penguins, birds and small fish. All antarctic wildlife will have some protective layer to keep them warm like fat or fur as they must be accustomed to the ever changing temperatures of Antarctica.

Emperor Penguin

​
 * Can weigh up to 45 kilos
 * Can grow up to 115cm
 * __**Diet **__  consists of mainly **Krill **  and Fish
 * They are flightless birds



media type="custom" key="4612854" <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">You are a guest speaker (Role) invited to give an inspirational presentation (Product) on your role as an explorer/scientist in Antarctica. The purpose of the presentation is to demonstrate to the audience (Goal) the importance of your role in Antarctica and how you can inspire them to display stewardship (Situation)for our world. Your presentation will be delivered to your class and teachers (audience). As part of your presentation you will need to include/cover the following (Standards). You can find the marking criteria attached in the word document below. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 144%;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">


 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">A brief biography of your life as an explorer/scientist. You might like to include the selection criteria for employees in Antarctica( based on a real person or made up) **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">What work have you done in Antarctica **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">What are the advantages and disadvantages of your role. **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">How are you a model of stewardship **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Choose one aspect of Antarctic life (living conditions, nature or climate) to give a detailed insight to your audience. **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 116%;">Develop four questions that could ask your audience about your work as an explorer. **
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">**Good luck!!!**

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<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">Biography: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">My name was Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. I was born in Ireland on February 16th, 1974. The Shackletons originaly came from Yorkshire. My parents were Henry and Henrietta Shackleton. I then moved to England. I was married to Emily Dorman (shackleton), and went on to have 3 children: raymond, Cecile and Edward. His mother was Irish and dad was Angalo-Irish.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Disadvantages:
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">That I was holding the lives of the crew in my hands
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Many things did not go according to plan
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Some of my men were close to death

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">ADVANTAGES: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">That I was the first one to cross the Antarctic sea to sea via the pole.
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> I never gave up- I looked into the future
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: large; line-height: 27px;">I never let my men down
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: large; line-height: 27px;">I came back for All my men

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">My Work I Have Done In Antarctica/my jorney: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton went to Antarctica because he thought it had a big scientific and geological importance. He went To Antarctica 2 times to find it had already been claimed. Shackleton sailed to Antarctica in his heavily built ship, The Endurance. The Endurance was one of the strongest wooden boats of its day, getting the name from his family motto, and had a full wooden hull 3 inches thick. He departed from South Georia in 1914 with a trained crew of 27 scientists, geologists and seamen. Frank Wild, the crews cameramen, took pictures of their voyage using a combination of motion and still pictures. Upon reaching Antarctica, the crew lost all forms of communication and contact with the outside world. It took the crew on The Endurance 2 days to thoroughly spot Antarctica. The ship was strong, breaking through the thin ice that was surrounding Antarctica. But the ship was still wood, so gradually ice built around the ship and trapped it, unable to move. The men tirelessly picked at the ice surrounding it, but it was no use, so Shackleton announced they would have to wait until the ice thawed out and melted, freeing the ship. In the meantime, they set up camp next to the boat and called it "patience camp" because they were constantly waiting. On their journey they brought many sled-dogs, and in patience camp they were their best companions and freinds. They played soccer and other games to keep themselves amused. As the colder weather warmed up, everyone was in great spirits, soon to be dampened by the captains announcement. They were all expecting the ice to give way and let the ship pass, but it turned out a whole other story. The ice was in fact crushing, twisting and bending the ship apart. They franticly picked at the ice, eager to buy themselves some time. It wasn't working, and when shackleton and the crews carpenter inspected the damage, it was not good, the hull had been torn into two pieces. Shackleton gave the command "abandon ship". The crew salvaged everything usefull of the ship, all supplies, food everything usefull, leaving all personal belongings behind. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 144%;">

Everyone was as crushed as the ship was, the ship was so sturdy, modern, strong, how could some floating ice salvage it that badly. The ship had brought them all the way from the small fishing town of South Georgia, through the rough seas into Antarctica.This was just the beginning of the brutality of the elements in Antarctica the crew was about to encounter, face and uncover. The team took geological samples to take with them. Since the team had lost contact with the outside world, they could not send out a distress call. If he saw just one of the team members feel cold or down, Shackleton would immediately order another hot meal for all of them. All of the crew was in awe and wonder of Shackleton, they enjoyed every single moment under his command. Despite this, the crew was cold, tired and turning rather glum. Shackleton knew they did not have much time, so he commanded they sail through the icy seas to try to reach the coast of Elephant Island, an island off the coast where they would at least have some protection over the hurricane equivilant winds and would have more food and mainly be closer to South Georgia. They would sail in the 3 small lifeboats they managed to recover when the ship was torn apart. They would be small and cramped and would be rowing days on end. These boats were only for small amounts of occupation, and they were put through tonnes of punishment and torment, things they were not designed to handle. Since they were out in the open sea, it was brutal, big waves, terrencial rainand wind and with only a sail, it was taking the ships everywhere. Finnaly, on the fourth day, they spotted Elephant Island but, due to terrencial weather, were unable to land on shore, delaying it to the next day. They finally landed on Elephant Island, the ships badly damaged and leaking, But the men were not glum-they were overjoyed-They were not at sea, not on ice, on land! But as happy as they were, they would have a hope of rescue on the island, no ships ever came near or onto Elephant Island. Shackleton got his carpenter to build 1 strong, big lifeboat out of the 3 damaged ones and said he would try and sail back to South Georgia to get help. He sailed right into a hurricane out in the middle of the sea. When he finally reached South Georgia, his heart was broken, they were on the complete other side of the whaling village. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> Good Shackleton website/ good info <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">[] media type="custom" key="4823525"media type="custom" key="4815377"

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 132%;">The Antarctic Treaty: The Antarctic treaty is one signed by 44 nations worldwide, almost 2/3 of the world. It was designed to keep Antarctica a natural, ungoverned continent used purely for scientific research. The treaty was created in 1959, but put into action in 1961. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,cursive; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica,cursive;"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica,cursive;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px;">**Articles of the Antarctic Treaty** <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">The main objective of the ATS is to ensure in the interests of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or object of international discord. The treaty forbids any measures of a military nature, but not the presence of military personnel.
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 1 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 2 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 3 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - free exchange of information and personnel in cooperation with the <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">[|United Nations] <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> and other international agencies;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 4 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - the treaty does not recognize, dispute, nor establish territorial sovereignty claims; no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 5 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 6 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">[|60 degrees 00 minutes south];
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 7 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all activities and of the introduction of military personnel must be given;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 8 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 9 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 10 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty;
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Article 11 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">[|International Court of Justice];
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Articles 12, 13, 14 **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">questions I could ask my audience:

> <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">What was my first intention from going to Antarctica?
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">what happened to the Endurance?
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Did any of my crew die?
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">What made me such a good leader?
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">What came first to me?
 * What was the importance of my journey?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',helvetica,sans-serif;">Did I have to abide by special rules on my journey?

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">How I showed stewardship..... I displayed stewardship by always treating the crew equal to everyone else, and me. A section of my journey told whenever a crew-member got cold or hungry, I would immediately order another hot drink for the whole crew. Because of this, the crew enjoyed every second under my command. I was a good leader as I showed many traits of that of a leader: responsibility, respect, cooperation, initiative, Strength, courage, loyalty, The ability to bounce back and, ultimately, a great leader. These are good qualities of a leader. I also displayed stewardship by collecting scientific and geological samples to take back with me. In this way I am taking care of Antarctica by researching and finding out more about it. This link will explain a little bit about how I showed Stewardship <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">[|http://main.wgbh.org/imax/shackleton/shackleton.html]

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Facts:


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Antarctica contains 70% of the worlds ice
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Ancient greeks thought Antarctica must be there to balance the world
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">penguins are flightless birds
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Temperatures in Antarctica can easily top -70º

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Helpful Websites and stuff:

<span style="color: #13c6e7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px;"> <span style="color: #00eaff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
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 * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGHhsefJQQA
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